The award season for college men’s volleyball is here.
Off the Block each season presents numerous annual national awards recognizing the outstanding individual performances in NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball. Check out the statistical leaders for each of the awards.
Lloy Ball Award
The Lloy Ball Award is given to the nation’s best setter in NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball during the regular season. The annual award named after the former U.S. Olympian and IPFW All-American setter is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.
Assists per game average
1. Connor Cheehan, Lindenwood – 11.14
2. Brett Sheward, UC Irvine – 10.58
3. Nicholas Slight, Grand Canyon – 10.50
4. Logan Taylor, North Greenville – 10.41
4. Tyler Poulsen, McKendree – 10.28
6. Francisco Pomar, Erskine – 10.25
7. Aidan Knipe, Long Beach State – 10.23
8. Kohl Kutsch, Lincoln Memorial – 10.21
9. Andrew Rowan, UCLA – 10.15
10. Tread Rosenthal, Hawai’i – 10.08
12. Donovan Constable, CSUN – 9.88
11. Tyler Morgan, Lewis – 9.82
13. Jackson Lahey, Mount Olive – 9.77
14. Henry Wedbush, Princeton – 9.76
15. Tyler Herget, BYU – 9.74
16. Teddy Payne, Sacred Heart – 9.70
17. Andrej Polomac, Purdue Fort Wayne – 9.67
18. Nathan Lietzke, Stanford – 9.63
19. Abdallah Roshdy, Emmanuel – 9.58
20. Sean Califf, Daemen – 9.55
Team attack percentage
1. UCLA – .370
T-2. Hawai’i – .350
T-2. Loyola – .350
4. Grand Canyon – .347
5. Long Beach State – .346
6. Lincoln Memorial – .333
7. Daemen – .332
8. UC Irvine – .328
T-9. Penn State – .317
T-9. Ohio State – .317
T-11. Lindenwood – .308
T-11. CSUN – .308
13. Ball State – .303
T-14. Saint Francis – .302
T-14. Pepperdine – .302
Digs per game average
1. Seth Deppe, Barton – 1.93
2. Tyler Poulsen, McKendree – 1.91
T-3. Nathan Lietzke, Stanford – 1.90
T-3. Kohl Kutsch, Lincoln Memorial – 1.90
5. Joseph Morris, Belmont Abbey 1.83
6. Sean Califf, Daemen – 1.81
7. Nicolas Slight, Grand Canyon – 1.78
8. Brett Sheward, UC Irvine – 1.76
9. Henry Wedbush, Princeton – 1.75
10. Jackson Lahey, Mount Olive – 1.66
Ace per game average
1. Ryan Parker, Saint Francis – 0.48
2. Luke Koster, Dominican – 0.46
3. Kyran Versteegen, St. Thomas Aquinas – 0.42
T-3. Jackson Lahey, Mount Olive – 0.41
T-3. Tread Rosenthal, Hawai’i – 0.41
T-5. Nathan Lietzke, Stanford – 0.39
T-7. Michael Wright, Ohio State – 0.36
T-7. Logan Taylor, North Greenville – 0.36
T-7. Andrew Rowan, UCLA – 0.36
T-7. Donovan Constable, CSUN – 0.36
Bryan Ivie Award
The Bryan Ivie Award is given to the nation’s best opposite in NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball during the regular season. The annual award is named after the former U.S. Olympian and USC All-American opposite Bryan Ivie and is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.
Kills per game average
1. Geste Bianchi, UC Santa Barbara – 4.82
2. Jamal Ellis Carballo, Fairleigh Dickinson – 4.44
3. Raje Alleyne, Quincy – 4.41
4. John Kerr, Penn State – 3.94
5. Nathan Zini, Saint Francis – 3.83
6. Garret Schnitker, Charleston – 3.69
T-7. Cole Ketrzynski, Pepperdine – 3.53
T-7. Camden Gianni, Grand Canyon – 3.53
9. Ian Schuller, Lindenwood – 3.36
10. Shane Wetzel, Ohio State – 3.35
11. Jalen Phillips, CSUN – 3.27
12. Jack Bolz, George Mason – 3.24
13. Aaron Sallade, Missouri S&T – 3.18
14. Alaka’i Todd, Hawai’i – 3.14
15. Anthony Cherfan, UC San Diego – 3.13
Attack percentage
1. John Kerr, Penn State – .350
2 Cameron Milligan, Daemen – .347
3. Nathan Zini, Saint Francis – .335
4. Alaka’i Todd, Hawai’i – .329
5. Raje Alleyne, Quincy – .311
Ace per game average
1. Nathan Zini, Saint Francis – 0.59
2. Camden Gianni, Grand Canyon – 0.57
3. Griffin Monrad, Roberts Wesleyan – 0.50
4. Kupono Browne, BYU – 0.42
5. Anthony Cherfan, UC San Diego – 0.42
T-6. Ido David, UCLA – 0.38
T-6. Geste Bianchi, UC Santa Barbara – 0.38
8. Cameron Milligan, Daemen – 0.37
9. Ian Schuller, Lindenwood – 0.35
10. Jaxon Hicks, Fort Valley State – 0.34
Blocks per game average
1. Skyler Varga, Long Beach State – 0.92
2. Cole Ketrzynski, Pepperdine – 0.72
T-3. Justin Gregoery, Mount Olive – 0.69
T-3. Stirling Sims, Queens – 0.69
T-3. Anthony Cherfan, UC San Diego – 0.69
Digs per game average
1. Ian Schuller, Lindenwood – 1.93
2. Luke Krat, Maryville – 1.59
3. Jaxon Hicks, Fort Valley State – 1.49
Karch Kiraly Award
The Karch Kiraly Award is given to the nation’s best outside attacker in NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball during the regular season. The new annual award is presented by Off the Block and is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.
Kills per game average
1. Hilir Henno, UC Irvine – 4.77
2. Parker Van Buren, Loyola – 4.28
3. Patrick Mucherino, Sacred Heart – 4.27
4. Tinaishe Ndavazocheva, Ball State – 4.04
5. Zach Schneider, Daemen – 3.86
6. Mark Frazier, Purdue Fort Wayne – 3.86
7. Ben Harrington, Princeton – 3.76
8. Jon Diedrich, Purdue Fort Wayne – 3.74
T-9. Logan Whitaker, Merrimack – 3.72
T-9. Will Rottman, Stanford – 3.72
11. Edgerrin Austin, Erskine – 3.71
12. Kyle Hobus, CSUN – 3.69
13. Eli Zdonek, Emmanuel – 3.67
14. Max Roquet, Lewis – 3.63
15. Pablo Zamar, Erskine – 3.57
T-16. Jacob Pasteur, Ohio State – 3.54
T-16. Warren Davis, King – 3.54
18. Nyherowo Omene, Princeton – 3.49
19. Deklan Wingo, Tusculum – 3.47
20. Zach Puentes, Belmont Abbey – 3.46
Attack percentage
1. Hilir Henno, UC Irvine – .382
2. Parker Van Buren, Loyola – .364
3. Sotiris Siapanis, Long Beach State – .350
4. Isaiah Fedd, Fort Valley State – .347
5. Luke Benson, BYU – .344
6. Clarke Godbold, Long Beach State – .342
7. Jacob Pasteur, Ohio State – .336
8. Ethan Champlin, UCLA – .332
9. Daniel Fabikovic, Loyola – .330
10. Jackson Hickman, Grand Canyon – .329
Aces per game average
1. Isaiah Fedd, Fort Valley State – 0.66
2. Ben Harrington, Princeton – 0.64
3. Jacob Pasteur, Ohio State – 0.57
4. Omar Hoyos, George Mason – 0.55
5. AJ Lewis, Lindenwood – 0.48
6. Clay Wieter, Lindenwood – 0.46
7. Chey Cooper, Fort Valley State – 0.45
T-8. Kevin Lamp, Stanford – 0.43
T-8. Will Rottman, Stanford – 0.43
T-8. Hilir Henno, UC Irvine – 0.43
T-8. Louis Sakanoko, Hawai’i – 0.43
Digs per game average
1. Kevin Schuele, McKendree – 2.13
2. Makai Scott, Maryville – 1.89
3. Brandon Johnston, Barton – 1.87
4. Robert Santana, American International – 1.78
5. Clay Wieter, Lindenwood – 1.74
Blocks per game average
1. Kyle Hobus, CSUN – 0.76
2. Alain Tamo-Hoche, Central State – 0.75
3. Max Roquet, Lewis – 0.73
T-4. Cooper Robinson, UCLA – 0.68
T-4. Jack Sandahl, Barton – 0.68
Ryan Millar Award
The Ryan Millar Award is given to the nation’s best middle attacker in NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball during the regular season. This award is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.
Blocks per game average
1. Simon Torwie, Long Beach State – 1.37
2. Cameron Thorne, Grand Canyon – 1.35
3. Jibriel Elhaddad, Belmont Abbey – 1.30
4. Martin de Chavarria, Pepperdine – 1.16
5. Thomas Fanic, Barton – 1.15
6. Nicodemus Meyer, Loyola – 1.14
7. Holden Mayott, Mount Olive – 1.07
T-8. Jim Garrison, UC San Diego – 1.06
T-8. Kyle Paulson, USC – 1.06
10. Kurt Nusterer, Hawai’i – 1.05
T-11. Cole Young, Ohio State – 0.99
T-11. Connor Campbell, UC Irvine – 0.99
T-11. Constantinos Iacovou, Mount Olive – 0.99
14. Greg Bodus, Emmanuel – 0.98
15. Merrick McHenry, UCLA – 0.97
Attack percentage
1. Toby Ezeonu, Penn State – .498
2. Matthew Gentry, Lincoln Memorial – .459
3. Carson Williams, NJIT – .437
4. D’Aaron McCraney, McKendree – .409
5. Jacob Fischer, Maryville – .387
6. Tymek Brzoza, D’Youville – .381
7. Kellan Kennedy, King – .380
8. Michael de la Cruz, North Greenville – .362
9. Matthew Motes, Merrimack – .353
10. Paul Fillion, Roberts Wesleyan – .330
Aces per game average
1. Andrew Fedmasu, NJIT – 0.37
2. Simon Torwie, Long Beach State – 0.34
T-3. Gavin Tate, Dominican – 0.33
T-3. Matthew Gentry, Lincoln Memorial – 0.33
T-3. Jacob Fischer, Maryville – 0.33
T-3. Toby Ezeonu, Penn State – 0.33
Erik Shoji Award
The Erik Shoji Award is given to the nation’s best libero in NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball during the regular season. The annual award is named after the former Stanford All-American libero Erik Shoji and is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.
Digs per game average
1. Clint Forbes,Benedict – 3.22
2. Nicklas Eichenberger, Emmanuel – 3.09
3. Peyton Blain, Saint Francis – 2.81
4. Kyle Standage, Merrimack – 2.78
5. Moises Jimenenz, Roberts Wesleyan – 2.70
6. Javier Saldivar, Kentucky State – 2.39
7. Alejandro Leno, Belmont Abbey – 2.30
8. Grady Hoffman, Farleigh Dickinson – 2.27
9. Tyler Roukey, Dominican – 2.26
10. Mason Briggs, Long Beach State – 2.24
11. Dominik Wagiel, Quincy – 2.23
12. Zac Clark, Maryville – 2.20
13. Trey Cole, Pepperdine – 2.18
14. Kevin Schuele, McKendree – 2.13
15. Ryan Merk, Penn State – 2.12
16. Michael Krueger, Daemen – 2.10
17. Nico Paula, Lewis – 2.08
18. Mert Asma, Mount Olive – 2.07
19. Yadiel Diaz, McKendree – 2.06
20. Thomas Poole, Ohio State – 2.05
21j. Diego Cardona, Fort Valley State – 2.03
22. Cole Power, UC Irvine – 1.99
23. KJ Harrison, Central State – 1.97
T-24. Cole Younger, Sacred Heart – 1.86
T-24. Eleu Choy, Hawai’i –1.86
T-24. Paul Wyszynski, George Mason – 1.86
T-24. Cooper Herndon, Grand Canyon – 1.86
National Server of the Year
The National Server of the Year recognizes the top individual serving performance from a NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball player during the regular season. The annual award is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.
Aces per game average
1. Isaiah Fedd, Fort Valley State – 0.66
2. Ben Harrington, Princeton – 0.64
3. Nathan Zini, Saint Francis – 0.59
T-4. Camden Gianni, Grand Canyon – 0.57
T-4. Jacob Pasteur, Ohio State – 0.57
6. Omar Hoyos, George Mason – 0.55
7. Griffin Monrad, Roberts Wesleyan – 0.50
T-8. AJ Lewis, Lindenwood – 0.48
T-8. Ryan Parker, Saint Francis – 0.48
T-10. Luke Koster, Dominican – 0.46
T-10. Clay Wieter, Lindenwood – 0.46
12. Chey Cooper, Fort Valley State – 0.45
T-13. Will Rottman, Stanford – 0.43
T-13. Hilir Henno, UC Irvine – 0.43
T-13. Louis Sakanoko, Hawai’i – 0.43
T-17. Kyran Versteegen, St. Thomas Aquinas – 0.42
T-17. Kupono Browne, BYU – 0.42
T-17. Kyle Hobus, CSUN – 0.42
T-17. Anthony Cherfan, UC San Diego – 0.42
T-21. Matthew Staskunas, Belmont Abbey – 0.41
T-21. Jackson Lahey, Mount Olive – 0.41
T-21. Tread Rosenthal, Hawai’i – 0.41
T-24. Nyherowo Omene, Princeton – 0.40
T-24. Logan Whitaker, Merrimack – 0.40
T-24. Jack Brinkman, Quincy – 0.40
Blocker of the Year
The National Blocker of the Year is annually awarded to the NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball player with the best front-row defensive performance during the regular season. This was the first national award organized by Off the Block and each year is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.
Blocks per game average
1. Simon Torwie, Long Beach State – 1.37
2. Cameron Thorne, Grand Canyon – 1.35
3. Jibriel Elhaddad, Belmont Abbey – 1.30
4. Martin de Chavarria, Pepperdine – 1.16
5. Thomas Fanic, Barton – 1.15
6. Nicodemus Meyer, Loyola – 1.14
7. Holden Mayott, Mount Olive – 1.07
T-8. Jim Garrison, UC San Diego – 1.06
T-8. Kyle Paulson, USC – 1.06
10. Kurt Nusterer, Hawai’i – 1.05
T-11. Cole Young, Ohio State – 0.99
T-11. Connor Campbell, UC Irvine – 0.99
T-11. Constantinos Iacovou, Mount Olive – 0.99
14. Greg Bodus, Emmanuel – 0.98
T-15. Merrick McHenry, UCLA – 0.97
T-15. Matthew Gentry, Lincoln Memorial – 0.97
17. Wesley Smith, USC – 0.95
18.Guilherme Voss, Hawai’i – 0.94
19. Caleb Rohlwing, Missouri S&T – 0.94
T-20. Ethan Smith, Harvard – 0.92
T-20. Skyler Varga, Long Beach State – 0.92
T-22. Arthur Sueur, Long Island – 0.91
T-22. Ondrej Arabasz, Daemen – 0.91
T-24. Raheem Thomas, Fort Valley State – 0.90
T-24. Maverick O’Neil, Daemen – 0.90
Division II National Player of the Year
The Division II National Player of the Year is given to the nation’s best player on a NCAA Division II men’s volleyball team during the regular season.
Kills per game average
1. Raje Alleyrie, Quincy – 4.41
2. Zach Schneider, Daemen – 3.86
3. Edgerrin Austin, Erskine – 3.71
4. Garret Schnitker, Charleston – 3.69
5. Eli Zdonek, Emmanuel – 3.67
6. Max Roquet, Lewis – 3.63
7. Pablo Zamar, Erskine – 3.57
8. Warren Davis, King – 3.54
9. Deklan Wingo, Tusculum – 3.47
10. Zach Puentes, Belmont Abbey – 3.46
11. Isaiah Fedd, Fort Valley State – 3.45
12. Diego Rosich, North Greenville – 3.43
13. Phinehas Wiley, Dominican – 3.42
14. Nate Meyre, Missouri S&T – 3.37
15. Robert Santana, American International – 3.28
16. Matthew Staskunas, Belmont Abbey – 3.22
17. Aaron Sallade, Missouri S&T – 3.18
18. Ties Cornelissen, Concordia – 3.16
19. Cameron Milligan, Daemen, 3.07
20. Tyrone Sands, Central State – 3.03
21. Makai Scott, Mayrville – 3.01
22. Kevin Schuele, McKendree – 3.00
T-23. Hayden Frear, Mount Olive – 2.97
T-23. Luke Kraft, Maryville – 2.97
25. Aidan Feeney, Emmanuel – 2.96
Attack percentage
1. Matthew Gentry, Lincoln Memorial – .459
2. D’Aaron McCraney, McKendree – .409
3. Jacob Fischer, Maryville – .387
4. Tymek Brzoza, D’Youville – .381
5. Kellan Kennedy, King – .380
6. Michael de la Cruz, North Greenville – .362
T-7. Cameron Milligan, Daemen – .347
T-7. Isaiah Fedd, Fort Valley State – .347
9. Paul Fillion, Roberts Wesleyan – .330
10. Haven Wankerl, D’Youville – .317
11. Maverick O’Neil, Damen – .313
12. Raje Alleyne, Quincy – .311
13. Jaxon Hicks, Fort Valley State – .306
14. Max Roquet, Lewis – .305
15. Zach Schneider, Daemen – .297
Aces per game average
1. Isaiah Fedd, Fort Valley State – 0.66
2. Griffin Monrad, Roberts Wesleyan – 0.50
3. Luke Koster, Dominican – 0.46
4. Chey Cooper, Fort Valley State – 0.45
5. Kyran Versteegen, St. Thomas Aquinas – 0.42
T-6. Matthew Staskunas, Belmont Abbey – 0.41
T-6. Jackson Lahey, Mount Olive – 0.41
8. Kevin Schuele, McKendree – 0.38
T-9. Nate Meyer, Missouri S&T – 0.37
T-9. Cameron Milligan, Daemen – 0.37
Assists per game average
1. Logan Taylor, North Greenville – 10.41
2. Tyler Poulsen, McKendree – 10.28
3. Francisco Pomar, Erskine – 10.25
4. Kohl Kutsch, Lincoln Memorial – 10.21
5. Tyler Morgan, Lewis – 9.82
6. Jackson Lahey, Mount Olive – 9.77
7. Abdallah Roshdy, Emmanuel – 9.58
8. Sean Califf, Daemen – 9.55
9. Joseph Morris, Belmont Abbey – 9.52
10. Randy Adorno, D’Youville – 9.42
Blocks per game average
1. Jibriel Elhaddad, Belmont Abbey – 1.30
2. Thomas Fanic, Barton – 1.15
3. Holden Mayott, Mount Olive – 1.07
4. Constantinos Iacovou, Mount Olive – 0.99
5. Greg Bodus, Emmanuel – 0.98
6. Matthew Gentry, Lincoln Memorial – 0.97
7. Caleb Rohlwing, Missouri S&T – 0.94
8. Ondrej Arabasz, Daemen – 0.91
T-9. Raheem Thomas, Fort Valley State – 0.90
T-9. Maverick O’Neil, Daemen – 0.90
Digs per game average
1. Clint Forbes, Benedict – 3.22
2. Nicklas Eichenberger, Emmanuel – 3.09
3. Moises Jimenenz, Roberts Wesleyan – 2.70
4. Javier Saldivar, Kentucky State – 2.39
5.Alejandro Leno, Belmont Abbey – 2.30
6. Tyler Roukey, Dominican – 2.26
7. Dominik Wagiel, Quincy – 2.23
8. Zac Clark, Maryville – 2.20
9. Kevin Schuele, McKendree – 2.13
10. Michael Krueger, Daemen – 2.10
11. Nico Paula, Lewis – 2.08
12. Mert Asma, Mount Olive – 2.07
13. Yadiel Diaz, McKendree – 2.06
14. Diego Cardona, Fort Valley State – 2.03
15. KJ Harrison, Central State – 1.97
Freshman All-American Team
The Off the Block Freshmen All-American Team honors the top NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball freshmen players during the regular season. This is the only Freshmen All-American presented in college men’s volleyball and is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.
Kills per game average
1. Phinehas Wiley, Dominican – 3.42
2. Jalen Phillips, CSUN – 3.27
3. Ties Cornelissen, Concordia – 3.16
4. Makai Scott, Maryville – 3.01
5. Luke Kraft, Maryville – 2.97
6. Logan Keothavy, North Greenville – 2.93
T-7. Kyran Versteegen, St. Thomas Aquinas – 2.91
T-7. Griffin Wheatley, Lincoln Memorial — 2.91
9. Daniel Fabikovic, Loyola – 2.87
10. Gabriel Vieira, St. Thomas Aquinas – 2.78
11. Chance Shampine, Queens – 2.68
12. Griffin Monrad, Roberts Wesleyan – 2.62
13. Jake Read, Loyola – 2.54
14. Christina Galoppo, Concordia – 2.39
15. Paul Fillion, Roberts Wesleyan – 2.34
Assists per game average
1. Logan Taylor, North Greenville – 10.41
2. Tread Rosenthal, Hawai’i – 10.08
3. Andrej Polmac, Purdue Fort Wayne – 9.67
4. Abdallah Roshdy, Emmanuel – 9.58
5. Joseph Morris, Belmont Abbey – 9.52
6. Lucas Machado, Ball State –9.44
7. Caleb Blanchette, USC – 9.17
8.Grant Edmonds, Missouri S&T– 9.06
9. Yotam Briger, Concordia – 8.59
10. Aiden Olson, King – 8.54
Attack percentage
T-1. Daniel Fabikovic, Loyola – .330
T-1. Paul Fillion, Roberts Wesleyan –.330
3. Jake Read, Loyola – .321
4. Jalen Phillips, CSUN – .293
5. Arturo Diaz Dube, Emmanuel – .288
6. Ties Cornelissen, Concordia – .276
7. Kyran Versteegen, St. Thomas Aquinas – .269
8. Griffin Wheatley, Lincoln Memorial — .267
9. Makai Scott, Maryville – .245
Aces per game average
1. Griffin Monrad, Roberts Wesleyan – 0.50
2. Luke Koster, Dominican – 0.46
3. Louis Sakanoko, Hawai’i – 0.43
4. Kyran Versteegen, St. Thomas Aquinas – 0.42
5. Tread Rosenthal, Hawai’i – 0.41
T-6. Jake Read, Loyola – 0.36
T-6. Logan Taylor, North Greenville – 0.36
8. Phinehas Wiley, Dominican – 0.35
9. Gavin Tate, Dominican – 0.33
T-10. Malachi Alley, Kentucky State – 0.30
T-10. Luke Kraft, Maryville – 0.30
Digs per game average
1.Alejandro Leno, Belmont Abbey – 2.30
2. Tyler Roukey, Dominican – 2.26
3. KJ Harrison, Central State – 1.97
4. Makai Scott, Maryville – 1.89
5. Joseph Morris, Belmont Abbey – 1.83
6. Lucas Machado, Ball State – 1.63
7. Logan Taylor, North Greenville – 1.61
8. Luke Kraft, Maryville – 1.59
9. Ron Tidhar, NJIT – 1.57
10. Yotam Briger, Concordia – 1.55
Blocks per game average
1. Greg Bodus, Emmanuel – 0.98
2. Wesley Smith, USC – 0.95
3. Ondrej Arabasz, Daemen – 0.91
4. James Feuchtgruber, St. Thomas Aquinas – 0.88
5. Gavin Tate, Dominican – 0.86
6. Erel Bardah, Lees-McRae – 0.86
T-7. David Weiss, St. Thomas Aquinas – 0.79
T-7. Arturo Diaz-Dube, Emmanuel – 0.79
T-7. Joseph Morris, Belmont Abbey – 0.78
10. Tread Rosenthal – Hawai’i – 0.77
Steve Shondell Award
The Steve Shondell Award is presented to the nation’s best passer in NCAA Division I-II men’s volleyball during the regular season. The award is named after the Hall of Fame coach and former Ball State setter Steve Shondell and is selected by a nationwide voting committee of college men’s volleyball coaches and media members.